Security guards play an important role in keeping people safe, protecting property, and making sure everything runs smoothly. In the UK, security guards are often seen in places like shopping malls, offices, and even stadiums. But what exactly can security guards do? What powers do they have, and how do these powers work?
This article explains the powers of security guards in the UK. We’ll also answer some common questions to make things clearer.
What Do Security Guards Do?
Security guards are responsible for keeping areas safe from theft, violence, and other dangers. They can work in different places like stores, banks, and events. The main duties of a security guard include:
- Watching for suspicious activities: Security guards look out for anything that might be dangerous or illegal.
- Helping people: They can assist customers, guide visitors, and provide safety advice.
- Checking people: Security guards may check bags or ask to see ID if they suspect someone might be carrying something harmful.
- Contacting police: If a crime happens, security guards can call the police for help.
What Powers Do Security Guards Have?
Security guards in the UK don’t have the same powers as the police. However, they do have some special abilities to keep the areas they protect safe. These powers depend on the situation and the type of security work they are doing. Let’s look at some of the main powers security guards have:
1. Power of Arrest
Security guards can detain a person if they are caught committing a crime. But their power to arrest is limited. They can only hold someone until the police arrive. This is called a “citizen’s arrest.”
- Example: If a security guard sees someone stealing in a store, they can stop the person and call the police.
2. Power to Remove People
Security guards can ask people to leave a property if they are causing trouble. For example, they can ask someone to leave a shopping mall if they are being disruptive. If the person refuses, the security guard can call the police to help.
- Example: If someone is acting aggressively in a public place, a security guard can ask them to leave to keep others safe.
3. Power to Search People
Security guards do have the right to search someone’s bag or clothing in some cases. However, this only happens when they have a reasonable reason to believe someone is carrying something dangerous or illegal. Security guards must always follow the law and act fairly when searching someone.

- Example: If a security guard is working at a concert, they may ask people to have their bags checked for safety reasons.
4. Use of Force
Security guards are trained to use reasonable force if needed. This means they can use force to protect themselves or others, but they should never use more force than necessary. Force should only be used when there is a real threat, and it must be in line with the law.
- Example: If a security guard is attacked, they may use reasonable force to defend themselves until the police arrive.
5. Detaining People for a Short Time
Security guards can detain someone for a short time if they are believed to be involved in a crime. However, they must call the police quickly. The person being detained has the right to ask for their name and the reason for detention.
- Example: If a person is seen shoplifting, the security guard can detain them until the police come.
Can Security Guards Carry Weapons?
In the UK, security guards do not usually carry weapons. They are only allowed to carry certain equipment like radios, flashlights, and sometimes handcuffs. Some security guards may carry weapons if they are trained and licensed to do so, but this is rare.
For example, close protection officers (bodyguards) may carry weapons if they are protecting someone at high risk. However, this is only allowed if they have special permission and training.
Are Security Guards Trained?
Yes, security guards in the UK must undergo training. They need to have a SIA licence (Security Industry Authority) to work legally. This training covers various aspects like:
- How to handle emergencies
- How to deal with conflict
- How to use reasonable force
- How to make arrests (citizen’s arrest)

Common Questions About Security Guards in the UK
1. Can a Security Guard Ask to See My ID?
Yes, a security guard can ask to see your ID, especially if they suspect you may be breaking the law. However, you are not required to show it unless they have a reason or are following a security policy, such as checking the ID of people entering a restricted area.
2. Can a Security Guard Search Me?
Security guards can search you or your belongings if they have a valid reason. This usually happens in places like airports, clubs, or events. If a security guard asks to search you, they must do so respectfully and within the rules.
3. Can a Security Guard Use Handcuffs?
Security guards may carry handcuffs, but they are not allowed to use them unless it is part of their training and they have a legal reason to do so. Handcuffs should only be used in extreme situations where someone is being detained or arrested.
4. Can Security Guards Use Force?
Security guards can use reasonable force to protect themselves, others, or property. However, they must always be careful not to overstep the limits of what is necessary. If force is used wrongly, it can lead to legal consequences.
5. What Happens if a Security Guard Makes a Mistake?
If a security guard makes a mistake, like using too much force or detaining someone without reason, they can be held accountable. They may face disciplinary actions from their employer or legal action. It’s important for security guards to follow the law at all times.
Conclusion
Security guards in the UK have some important powers, but these powers are limited and must always be used in line with the law. They can make arrests, remove people from properties, and detain individuals for a short time. However, they do not have the same powers as the police. They are trained to keep people safe, but they must act responsibly and always respect the rights of others.
If you are ever in a situation involving a security guard, it’s important to know your rights and understand what security guards can and cannot do. They are there to help and keep things safe, but they must also follow the law.